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I.A Richard's Figurative Language.....

Armstrong Richards was a British poet and scholar. He was the pioneer in the domain of New Criticism. He was an English educator His works are:

1. The Meaning of Meaning – 1923
    2. The Principles of Literary Criticism – 1924
    3. The Practical Criticism – 1929.


    He mainly talks about four kinds of misunderstanding:

    1.Misunderstanding of the sense of poetry: Careless, Intuitive reading

    2.Over-Literal reading: prosaic reading

   3.Defective scholarship; inappropriate metaphor

   4. Difference in meaning of words in poetry and prose (personification,  Metaphors, etc.....)

His practical approach gave new path to literary criticism. In his methodology, a lot of importance is given to the words. He believed that poet writes to communicate and language is the means of that communication. Language is made of words and words carry four kinds of meaning: Sense, Feelings, Tone and Intention.

    According to I.A.Richards language can be used in two ways, scientific use of language and the emotive one. Language of poetry is purely emotive, in its original primitive state. This language affects feelings. Hence we must avoid intuitive and over literal reading of poems. Words in poetry have an emotive value, and the figurative language used by poets conveys those emotions effectively andforcefully.



Suraj Hua MaddhamSonu Nigam, Alka Yagnik,
 ...Suraj Hua Maddham, Chaand Jalne Laga
Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...
Suraj Hua Maddham,
Chaand Jalne Laga
Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga...
Main Thehra Raha,
 Zameen Chalne Lagi
Dhadka Yeh Dil,
Saans Thamne Lagi
Oh, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Ho Oh Oh, Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh,
 Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa
Suraj Hua Maddham,
 Chaand Jalne Laga
Aasmaan Yeh Haai Kyoon Pighalne Laga
Main Thehri Rahi,
 Zameen Chalne Lagi
Dhadka Yeh Dil,
Saans Thamne Lagi
Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Hai Khoobsurat Yeh Pal,
Sab Kuch Raha Hai Badal
Sapne Haqeeqat Mein Jo Dhal Rahe Hai
Kya Sadiyon Se Puraana
Hai Rishtaa Yeh Hamaara
Ke Jis Tarha Tumse
Hum Mil Rahe HaiYunhi
Rahe Har Dam Pyaar Ka Mausam
Yunhi Milo Humse Tum Janam
JanamMain Thehra Raha,
Zameen Chalne Lagi
La La La, La La La, La La La
Dhadka Yeh Dil,
Saans Thamne Lagi
Haan, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Tere Hi Rang Se
Yun Main To Rangeen Hoon SanamPaake Tujhe Khud Se Hi Kho Rahi Hoon Sanam
O Maahiya, Ve Tere Ishq MeinHaan Doobke Paar Main Ho Rahi Hoon
 SanamSaagar Hua Pyaasa,
Raat Jagne Lagi
Sholo Ke Dil Mein Bhi Aag Jalne Lagi
Main Thehri Lagi,
Zameen Chalne Lagi
Dhadka Yeh Dil,
 Saans Thamne Lagi
Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
SajnaKya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai
Suraj Hua Maddham
Chaand Jalne Laga
Aasmaan Yeh Haai
Kyoon Pighalne Laga
Sajna, Kya Yeh Mera Pehla Pehla Pyaar Hai









How can Moon burn? How can Sky melt? How can Land walk? It is impossible but writer used metaphoric language. In this song we can find feelings of lovers to each other. Writer try to show lover's feelings through metaphors.
Lovers feel that in love, all things are not as it is but all things are changed. And they can find that all things are beautiful in love. They can also feel that their dreams are changed in reality. They have also a question in their mind that, is their relationship since before long long ago? They want to meet in all born.
Beloved tells that she follows her lover. She lost her self behind her lover.

How can sea thrust? How can night awake?

Here, writer used personification very well. And also asked many questions in this song.

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