Aristotle's Poetics....

1 :- I agree with Plato's objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers. because literature should give a mirror-image of life it should reflect real life incidents in itself. creative writers took itto another level and by freedom of expression and artistic liberty writer started writing the things which is only possible in imaginative world and not real life. Nowadays a TV show PORUS is going on. In which the story of Puru is narrated but there are so many imaginative parts given. Like his life as a tribal people in childhood and then as king and the war between him and Alexander and many such things are not acceptable if we considere the real life story of maharaja Purshottam.

2 :- With reference to B.A there was a story of morden literature named 'Black cat'. In the story the concept of tragedy is full filled. The unnamed character first deals with catharsis as he losses all of his emotions towards animals whom he loved the most onec. the moment narrator tried to kill the cat but eventually kills his own wife by mistake. This leads us to the conclusion of Hamartia ; The error of his judgement and thus he himself slipped to his downfall.

3 :- Far From The Madding Crowd is a novel which i think did not follow Aristotelian literary tradition. In the novel there are more then one main characters and also they doesn't belong to any godlike figure or any warrior type human being. where else there are error of judgement by Bathsheba in novel but it doesn't leads her directly to a horrible end ; till the return of Troy novel also don't have any kind of tragic sopt.

4 :- Othello is one of one of the tragic protagonist from the tragedy "Othello". the hamartia of othello was he believed what others told him without checking the credibility of the truth and his fate also done a great part in that. In the end when he goes to kill Desdemona ; his hamartia overcomes thus he doesn't listen to his own betterhalf and kills her. Desdemona gets killed without any reason and thus Othello's hamartia is Believing others without checking credibility of truth.

5 :- Yes , Othello follows the rules like chain of cause and effect , principal of probability and necessity and unity of actions. when Othello findouts that the Handkerchief of his mother which was given to Desdemona as present is missing and by Desdemona's misfortune she tells him a lie about it this incident follows the rule Chain of cause and effect.